How do different types of ADHD affect sleep?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that affects both children and adults in different ways, particularly influencing their sleep patterns. Among children with ADHD, those with the combined type (ADHD-C) tend to experience more difficulties in falling asleep. This subtype is characterized by a blend of hyperactivity and impulsiveness, which can lead to restlessness at night, frequent awakenings, and even nightmares.

In contrast, children with the inattentive type of ADHD (ADHD-I) may not struggle as much with falling asleep, but they often face issues with daytime sleepiness. This could be linked to their tendency to experience more sleep than normal or to the quality of sleep they get.

While there's less data for adults, adults have similar subtypes of ADHD as children. The most common form of ADHD among adults is the combined type, where symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsiveness persist. This subtype is seen in about 62% of adults with ADHD, while 31% have the inattentive type only, and a smaller percentage show primarily hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.

The relationship between ADHD subtypes and other mental health conditions is crucial in understanding their impact on sleep. For instance, the combined ADHD subtype in boys has been linked to more generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder. These comorbid conditions can further complicate sleep issues, leading to a more troubled rest.

Sleep plays a pivotal role in the lives of individuals with ADHD, impacting their overall health and even life expectancy. Research indicates that factors like persistent ADHD, not smoking heavily, graduating from high school, exercising, and getting adequate sleep (at least 8 hours) can contribute to a longer life expectancy in individuals with ADHD. This underscores the importance of good sleep hygiene and management in the ADHD population.

Personal anecdotes further illustrate the diverse ways individuals with ADHD cope with their sleep issues. Some find solace in listening to comedians or white noise, which helps drown out overactive thoughts. Others emphasize the importance of physical activity to manage their energy levels and reduce anxiety, which in turn aids in better sleep.

These personal experiences reflect the varied strategies people with ADHD employ to achieve a restful night, highlighting the complex interplay between ADHD subtypes, comorbid conditions, and lifestyle choices in managing sleep.