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Visual Abstract

Treating Comorbid Anxiety in Adolescents With ADHD Using a Cognitive Behavior Therapy Program Approach

CBT for Anxiety and ADHD in adolescents

Stephen Houghton,, Nadiyah Alsalmi, Carol Tan, Myra Taylor, and Kevin Durkin
Summarized by:
Charles Li, MD
March 14, 2023
🔎
What they studied
Researchers studied whether cognitive behavioral therapy could reduce anxiety symptoms in teenagers with anxiety and ADHD.
👨‍🔬
What they found
A cognitive behavioral therapy program specifically designed for anxiety successfully reduced anxiety across the board.
💡
What this means
For teenagers with ADHD and anxiety, parents may want to consider cognitive behavioral therapy as part of a treatment plan.

Treating Comorbid Anxiety in Adolescents With ADHD Using a Cognitive Behavior Therapy Program Approach
CBT for Anxiety and ADHD in adolescents

Objectives

This study wanted to determine how well cognitive behavioral therapy could work for adolescents with ADHD and anxiety.

Previous studies have shown that ADHD is closely linked with anxiety:

Evidence shows that CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) can work in adults with ADH

CBT is also commonly used clinically for adults and children.

“
CBT is recognized as an effective mode of therapy for adults and children, and recent evidence indicates favorable outcomes for adolescents with ADHD.
Houghton et al. 2013

However, there is a lack of research and data on how well it works in teenagers with ADHD and anxiety.

This is particularly important because of the high rates of anxiety disorders in ADHD.


Study Quote
Houghton et al. 2013

To evaluate an 8-week cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) treatment specifically designed for adolescents with ADHD and comorbid anxiety.

Methods

The study used a cognitive behavioral therapy program for children with ADHD and anxiety.

It provided education on symptoms and techniques for managing anxiety.

The trial itself was a small trial of 9 teenagers over 8 weeks.

Researchers evaluated the program's success by changes in anxiety in the participants.

Study Quote
Houghton et al. 2013

Using a multiple baseline design, nine adolescents (13 years to 16 years 9 months) received a weekly CBT, which focused on four identified anxiety-arousing times. Participants self-recorded their levels of anxiety for each of the four times during baseline, intervention, and a maintenanc...

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Results

The small study showed that teenagers who received cognitive behavioral therapy had less anxiety at the end of the study.

Each domain of anxiety tested in the study also showed significant improvements, including less social anxiety and fewer physical symptoms of anxiety.

A small trial found that cognitive behavioral therapy reduced anxiety symptoms across the board in teenagers with ADHD and anxiety.

While this was not a randomized controlled trial, nor was there a control group, the data does offer evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy can potentially reduce anxiety in teenagers with anxiety and ADHD.

One caveat is that the data appears specific to the cognitive behavioral therapy program the researchers conducted.

One specific feature of this program was thefocus on reducing anxiety during times when anxiety may be elevated.

“
This study was unique in that it devised a CBT program that specifically focused on four previously identified anxiety- arousing times for individuals with ADHD. Thus, rather than being a generic program, it targeted specific anxiety- arousing times.
Houghton et al. 2013

It is unclear whether the study's results extend to all cognitive behavioral therapy programs.

Study Quote
Houghton et al. 2013

Paired samples t tests supported the success of the intervention. Interrupted time-series data for each participant revealed varying rates of success across the four times, however. The MASC data revealed significant reductions in Physical Symptoms of Anxiety, Social Anxiety, Separation ...

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Conclusions

Based on the results, the researchers concluded that this particular cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in teenagers with ADHD and anxiety.

Study Quote
Houghton et al. 2013

The data demonstrate the efficacy of a CBT program for the treatment of comorbid anxiety in adolescents with ADHD.