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A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parental Depression, Antidepressant Usage, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Stress and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children
Parental Factors as Risk for ADHD in Children
December 6, 2024
author
Robinson LR, Bitsko RH, O'Masta B, Holbrook JR, Ko J, Barry CM, Maher B, Cerles A, Saadeh K, MacMillan L, Mahmooth Z, Bloomfield J, Rush M, Kaminski JW
journal
Prev Sci
Date Published
May 2024
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Study Summary
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What They Studied
The study examined how parental mental health issues, such as depression, stress, and antisocial personality disorder, are related to ADHD in children.
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What They Found
The study found significant associations between parental depression, stress, and other mental health issues with increased ADHD risk in children.
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What This Means
This study suggests that addressing parental mental health could be crucial in reducing ADHD risk in children, offering new insights compared to previous studies that focus solely on genetic and biological factors.
Study Overview
Background & Objectives
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is marked by a persistently low mood alongside symptoms like anhedonia, fatigue, and concentration issues. It is influenced by multiple factors, including genetic, biological, and environmental stressors.
Given its prevalence and the complexity in its causes, researchers conducted meta-analyses to explore associations between parental mental health indicators and ADHD outcomes in children, with a focus on conditions such as parental depression and stress.
Given its prevalence and the complexity in its causes, researchers conducted meta-analyses to explore associations between parental mental health indicators and ADHD outcomes in children, with a focus on conditions such as parental depression and stress.
Abstract: background
To determine the strength of the associations between parental mental health and child ADHD, we conducted a set of meta-analyses to exa...more
Study Summary
Methods
The study analyzed published data from 1980 to 2019, focusing on ADHD in children, either as a diagnosis or as symptoms like inattention or hyperactivity. It involved 58 different studies.
They used statistical techniques to compare this data, considering how much each study could vary in reliability. They looked at ADHD as a set diagnosis and as a range of symptoms, helping in understanding the influence of different parental mental health issues.
They used statistical techniques to compare this data, considering how much each study could vary in reliability. They looked at ADHD as a set diagnosis and as a range of symptoms, helping in understanding the influence of different parental mental health issues.
Abstract: methods
Eligible ADHD outcomes included diagnosis or symptoms. Fifty-eight articles published from 1980 to 2019 were included. We calculated po...more
Study Results
Results
The study found that parents experiencing stress or depression often had children with higher ADHD risks. Maternal factors like stress during pregnancy and postpartum depression were linked with ADHD. They also noted a connection between paternal depression and ADHD.
Additionally, antisocial behavior in parents and the use of antidepressants like fluoxetine (Prozac) during pregnancy showed a positive association with ADHD, especially in diagnosed cases.
Additionally, antisocial behavior in parents and the use of antidepressants like fluoxetine (Prozac) during pregnancy showed a positive association with ADHD, especially in diagnosed cases.
Abstract: results
Parental stress and parental depression were significantly associated with increased risk for ADHD overall and both symptoms and diagno...more
Study Summary
Conclusions
The results suggest that improving parental mental health could positively influence child health, reducing ADHD risks. By addressing parental stress and mental health challenges proactively, potential behavioral improvements in children might be achieved.
Implementing strategies that focus on parental well-being might offer long-term benefits for children, potentially diminishing developmental and behavioral issues like ADHD.
Implementing strategies that focus on parental well-being might offer long-term benefits for children, potentially diminishing developmental and behavioral issues like ADHD.
Abstract: conclusions
These findings raise the possibility that prevention strategies promoting parental mental health and addressing parental stress could have the potential for positive long-term impacts on child health, well-being, and behavioral outcomes.
Clinical Guidelines
Guidelines suggest that PTBM is the primary intervention for preschool children with ADHD symptoms, even if diagnosis is not verified. Clinicians should consider methylphenidate if behavioral interventions fail and significant disturbances persist.
Behavioral therapy combined with medication shows positive effects for pre-adolescents. Family history is pertinent in ADHD diagnosis due to its genetic component.
Living with ADHD increases risks for early death and psychiatric comorbidities, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive care.
Behavioral therapy combined with medication shows positive effects for pre-adolescents. Family history is pertinent in ADHD diagnosis due to its genetic component.
Living with ADHD increases risks for early death and psychiatric comorbidities, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive care.
Literature Review
Claussen et al, 2024
Core Insight:Both papers highlight external factors like parental mental health and family environment influencing ADHD in children.
What It Adds:
Parenting Factors: Adds parenting interaction quality and family status effects on ADHD.
Environmental Influences: Shows family environment's significant role in ADHD development.
Shared Themes:Both papers suggest interventions targeting parents may improve children's ADHD outcomes.
Literature Review
Claussen et al, 2024
Core Insight:Both papers highlight external factors like parental mental health and family environment influencing ADHD in children.
What It Adds:
Parenting Factors: Adds parenting interaction quality and family status effects on ADHD.
Environmental Influences: Shows family environment's significant role in ADHD development.
Shared Themes:Both papers suggest interventions targeting parents may improve children's ADHD outcomes.
Literature Review
Hughes et al, 2022
Core Insight:The main paper emphasizes the association between parental mental health and child ADHD, whereas the comparison paper explores the potential influence of BMI on child emotional and behavioral outcomes, finding minimal connection between parental BMI and child ADHD.
What It Adds:
Focus on BMI: This paper examines the role of BMI in child behavior, a contrast to the main paper's focus on parental mental health effects on ADHD.
Role of Genetics: This paper employs genetic methods to study BMI effects, whereas the main paper uses meta-analyses for mental health impacts.
Literature Review
Breaux et al, 2017
Core Insight:The comparison paper shows maternal ADHD as a predictor for child ADHD, while the main paper links parental mental health issues broadly to child ADHD.
What It Adds:
Maternal Factors: Examines maternal parenting as a mediator for child ADHD.
Paternal Influence: Highlights paternal comorbid issues affect child's ADHD outcomes.
Shared Themes:Both papers suggest parental mental health impact on child ADHD.
